During
throwing and hitting, the proximal segments– the hip and
trunk–accelerate the entire system and sequentially transfer momentum to
the next distal segment, the shoulder and upper limb. Conservation of
momentum explains this segmental interaction. The equation for angular
momentum is segment inertia times its angular velocity. The initial
acceleration of the proximal segment encompasses all the distal segments
as part of its inertia. The sequential deceleration of the proximal
segments conserves momentum by transferring segmental velocity distally
along the kinetic chain. This proximal-to-distal linkage provides an
efficient and effective system to transfer force and produce greater
velocity in a distal segment. This sequencing should be considered when
attempting to train the throwing and hitting athlete. Based on the
preceding, core strength and flexibility are the key to throwing and
hitting power.
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